What is love? This is a question that everyone is trying to answer
for him or herself. Love is something that cannot be understood by the mind, it
has to be felt by the heart. Love is something, without which the very existence
of the humankind would be impossible. Love can be a reason to live or to die.
Love is capable of moving mountains and reaching stars in the
sky.
Every person on Earth looks for his or her love.
Unfortunately, not everyone finds it. To some, it comes when they are young; to
some, when they are adults; and to others, when they are old. The key is to wait
for and believe in love. Unfortunately, oftentimes love comes when a person can
no longer wait for it. There are such facts in the human history.
California, too, can be proud of such a story of human love and fidelity. It is a love story of Conchita, daughter of California governor Argüello, and count N. P. Rezanov, a Russian traveler and diplomat.
California, too, can be proud of such a story of human love and fidelity. It is a love story of Conchita, daughter of California governor Argüello, and count N. P. Rezanov, a Russian traveler and diplomat.
Conchita de Argüello
count N. P.
Rezanov
Many in Russia know this story well because it is at the
heart of a popular modern opera, “Unona and Avos”, which has been a cult play
since it first came out in 1981, and to this day. For decades now, this play has
been attracting a full house in Moscow’s Lencom theatre. A beautiful love story
plays itself out in a wonderful romantic atmosphere. Andre Voznesenskys poem
along with Alexei Ribnikov’s music, directed by Mark Zakharov, has turned into a
composition with its unique poetic conventions, metaphors, and polyphony. The
best Lencom actors have for many years been creating the colorful figures of
Rezanov, Conchita, Fernando (Conchita’s fiancé) and other characters in this
musical dramatic poem. To this day, it is still fresh, clever, unusually
spectacular, and has many meanings. Word and thought, music and dance, scenic
effects, stage settings, plastic arts of the gestures, grace of the dress
articles – all of them are combined into an organic whole. Everything in this
play is perfectly correlated: acting, stage graphics, light, rhythm, color… Let
us try to analyze the color solution of the play. Rather, the polychromatic
phenomena (PCF) used in the play, as artificially created color occurrences. PCF
are color signs, symbols, and images, their compositions and systems. PCF is a
specific expression in the relationship between one person and another. This is
why we will try to penetrate the secret of the lovers’ relationship using the
polychromatic solution of the play, its polychromatic
language.
Popular Modern
Opera “Unona and Avos” (Text by Andre Voznesensky, Music by Alexei Ribnikov,
Directed by Mark Zakharov)
The play begins with a ray of
red light on a black stage. The ray looks for and finally finds and merges onto
a red fire ball. Red is the color of blood and fire, which, according to ancient
beliefs, created the world and will one day destroy it. Red is an impulse and a
will to win; it is the color of all forms of life strength. According to the
plot of the play, exactly 200 years ago, in 1806, the count Nicholas Rezanov
tried to establish a “bridge” between Russia and California. With his own money,
he bought two schooners and named them “The Unona” (in Ancient Roman mythology,
the queen of Gods, Jupiter’s wife, patroness of marriage and birth) and “The
Avos” (which, in Russian, means “maybe” – i.e., hope and wish for something). In
July 1803, on these two schooners, the Russian diplomat and traveler sailed out
for his long voyage. During the voyage, the stage becomes blue-gray, similar to
the color of the waves, which brought Rezanov to Conchita. While traveling to
California, Rezanov was anxious, as if in anticipation of something. Blue
carries a divine, celestial origin. It is the color of the depth of discovering
the unknown. Gray is the color of indifference, boredom, melancholy, coolness. A
blue-gray composition causes an un-composed, soft, and melancholy mood, which is
how Rezanov felt while approaching California. Against this background, a prayer
is read, at which time light appears. While red symbolizes the male origin,
white is a symbol of the female origin. It is exactly in white that Conchita
first appears on the red-black stage, dancing a Spanish dance with her fiancé.
White, the color of Conchita’s dress is a symbol of pureness, virtue, and
chastity; it is the color of joy and gaiety, the color of dream since it
synthesizes all colors. California governor Argüello greets Rezanov, the Russian diplomat, with
honors, and invites him to Conchita’s 16-year birthday ball. During the ball,
there is much yellow on the stage. Conchita herself is wearing a gold colored
dress. Yellow is the color of happiness, joy, openness of feelings. Yellow is
motion forward, towards the new, the unknown. For Conchita, it is the happiest
time. However, in Spain, which at the time owned California, yellow symbolized
treason and a lack of trust. It is during the ball that Conchita, Fernando’s
fiancé, falls in love with Rezanov. Fernando is wearing a blue uniform with gold
and a red coat. Blue is the color of fidelity (Fernando never betrayed Conchita
and loved her with all his heart). Blue is also a symbol of grief, pureness of
feelings, and wisdom. After a duel with Rezanov, a dying Fernando will ask him
to marry Conchita since she will not be able to live with her shame otherwise.
Fernando’s red coat symbolizes his active state of excitement, bravery, and
aggression towards Rezanov. At a moment of anger, using light, Rezanov’s red
coat turns violet, which is a color between red and blue, between unforgiving
force and blind love. It is the color of Fernando’s inner
passion.
Also of
interest is a dialogue between Rezanov and Conchita, where they both realize
that they love each other. Both are wearing white clothes, which has several
meanings. On the one hand, it symbolizes pureness of their feelings and
intentions. On the other hand – joy and satisfaction of being with each other.
Yet another meaning is future grief since in many cultures, white is a symbol of
grief. It is as if they feel the brevity of their time together and the coming
separation forever.
Gradually, the
stage becomes light-blue, which is a symbol of faith and mutual loyalty, a
symbol of their harmony. At the peak of passion between the two lovers, the
stage turns red-black. This combination of colors means, simultaneously, two
things. On the one hand, a victory of true love in this sinful world, a victory
of life over death. On the other hand, it is a presage of their future
separation forever and mourning clothes, which Conchita will be wearing for the
next 35 years, not quite believing that Rezanov died.
Conchita’s
priest, having broken the secret of confession, tells Conchita’s family about
her relationship with Rezanov. Fernando challenges Rezanov to a duel. During the
duel, Rezanov wears white, while Fernando wears black and red. These colors
symbolize their stand against each other. It is a symbol of their polarity,
their impulsive-destructive behavior. The color of their clothes is also an
indication of what goes on in their souls. Rezanov feels joy and satisfaction on
the one hand, and an anticipation of future grief, on the other. Fernando feels
aggression and refuses to accept Conchita’s betrayal, her unfaithfulness. A
wounded Fernando asks Rezanov to marry Conchita in order not to disgrace her.
Rezanov begs Fernando to forgive him for what he has done.
During
Conchita and Rezanov’s engagement, the stage is gray and light-blue as a symbol
of uncertainty in the lovers’ future happiness on the one hand and humility of
Conchita’s relatives and friends, their acceptance of Conchita’s choice, on the
other. The gray and light-blue stage also shows the lovers’ grief before their
forthcoming separation. This color combination symbolizes a contradiction of
their feelings. On the one hand, it is calmness, satisfaction, harmony in their
relationship, faithfulness toward each other. On the other hand – anxiety.
Conchita’s head is covered with a white cover – a symbol of purity and virtue,
fidelity and loyalty. She feels she is about to lose Rezanov, who, during the
engagement, takes off the white cover and replaces it with a gray headscarf – a
symbol of grief for the rest of her life, a symbol of humility before her
fate.
Rezanov left
for Russia to obtain marriage permission since they were of different faiths:
Conchita was a Roman Catholic, while he was an Orthodox Christian. Half-way from
California to St. Petersburg, on 13 May 1807, he died of a trivial cold.
Conchita waited for Rezanov for 35 years. She refused to believe that he had
died. Only in 1842, a traveler told her details of Rezanov’s death. Having
finally believed in his death, Conchita gave a vow of silence to the end of her
days and went to live in a monastery. It is no coincidence that the final lines
in the play read,
"I will never see
you. I will never forget
you."
Hence, PCF has an important role in the play, as if PCF are telling their own story in a polychromatic language, which has been formed (and is still forming) during the entire course of human history. A person receives 80% of information through her vision. On the other hand, the world and the human eye are created such that we perceive the world as multi-colored. PCF is yet another key to understanding the psychology of times, events, and occurrences. Using PCF, the play reflects the entire spectrum of feelings and emotions, formed such that they could be understood and felt by the spectator by staying in her memory.
Hence, the
play confirms opinions of the French sociologist and anthropologist Morris
Halbwachs, that social groups construct “recollections”. Physically, individuals
are the ones who remember, but it is group values that finally determine
criteria of the “notable ness” of events and of their cause-and-effect
relationships. According to Halbwachs, social groups mostly “remember” those
events and facts, which are not directly related to the social experience of the
group. In other words, it is possible that a certain “novelty”, which was never
experienced (physically, via non-material culture, or via senses) by an
individual directly, becomes a part of her recollections. Or, on the contrary,
it becomes a part of the “notable information” about the life of an
“influential” historical figure.
The creators
of the play placed an accent on the collective memory of the viewers, since
Halbwachs believed that collective memory is a social construct, forming and
changing in accordance with a system of values.[1] Emile Durkheim’s sociological collective approach to memory is a
traditional theory that people collectively agree to remember selectively in
order to control human collective behavior; individual memory as such is not
recognized at all[2]. It is a well-known fact that Durkheim’s main
contribution to the social science is in the understanding of society as a
value-normative system, a system of symbols, which provides for integration and
interaction among people.[3]
This play
is a bright example that memory serves as one of the regulators of social
behavior, which is based on myths, perception stereotypes, and those images of
the past, which, having gone through certain transformations, are still
necessary even today. Because of human memory, this love story of a Russian
count and a California girl is still alive, bringing together our peoples and
giving rise to the belief within every one of us in true love on Earth.
Hence, it
is not a coincidence that recently, almost 200 years later, this story, which
became the foundation of the play “Unona and Avos” by Moscow’s Lencom theatre,
was unexpectedly continued. Police officers from Monterey, CA visited the
Russian city of Krasnoyarsk, where Nicholas Rezanov was buried in 1807. They
brought with them soil and a rose from the grave of Conchita, who loved Rezanov,
and who was separated from him by death. They left Russia with soil from
Rezanov’s grave and scattered it over the place where Conchita’s remains are
lying. One would like to believe that this will symbolically connect them for
all eternity. In Monterey, many people know about the love between daughter of
California governor Argüello and Russian count Rezanov: books have been written
about it and there are always fresh flowers on Conchita’s grave.
Rezanov's grave
Conchita’s grave
Because of the play “Unona and
Avos”, some people in Russia are still convinced that the touching love story of
Rezanov and Conchita is just the result of imagination of the poet
Andre Voznesenski and the composer
Alexei Ribnikov. They say it is too romantic, it cannot happen in the real
world. However, true love does exist because it is the most beautiful thing
there is, it is the one key word of our lives. Love is the motivating force and
the cause of all our actions. This love story of a Russian traveler and a
California girl is but one confirmation of that.
The fact that we remember this story proves the presence of several “mediators”,
which allow recollections to form under the influence of a social system. This
story has passed through several such “mediators”. First, it existed as an oral
(anthropological) tradition, and was being passed from one person to another by
word of mouth. Then, it was formed entirely in various notes, or recordings. In
fact, semantically, in most European languages, the word “recording” is related
to the Italian “ricordare” – “to remember”, i.e., “to make notes for memory”.
However, one has to observe that any “recording” is not a direct (“innocent”
according to P. Burke) act of memory, but rather an attempt to model or correct
the memory of “others” by suggesting various “scenarios” (scripts) of the past.
These recordings do not only contain “appraisal judgments” in the Weberian
sense; any recording transforms data by the fact of “being recorded”
alone[4]. Due to the development of information
technologies, today we are able to re-create this story as an audio- or
video-recording. The presence of a video-recording of this play is a proof of
that[5].
Виктор Савицкий "Юнона и
Авось" - Viktor Savicky "Unona and Avos”
[1] Hallbwahs, M. The Collective Memory – English translation – Cambrige
Univ. Press, 1950.
[2] Durkheim, E. Sociology. Its subject, methods, and use. - Moscow,
1995.
[4] Vanshina Jan. Oral Tradition as History – Madison, 1985.
http://www.rezanov.krasu.ru/time/Kolychev_Benicia.php
http://www.kultura-portal.ru/servlet/XGetDBPicServlet?xpub_id=65194&img_id=2
http://www.artlib.ru/objects/gallery_112/artlib_gallery-56226-b.jpg
http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/1//57/529/57529670_Nikolay_Rezanov1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USA-Benicia-Saint_Dominic's_Cemetery-Grave_of_Mar%C3%ADa_Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello-1.jpg/200px-USA-Benicia-Saint_Dominic's_Cemetery-Grave_of_Mar%C3%ADa_Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello-1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg
http://img13.nnm.ru/a/6/e/b/d/a6ebd79fa0df2e9cba1feccfb80468b7_full.jpg
http://www.kultura-portal.ru/servlet/XGetDBPicServlet?xpub_id=65194&img_id=2
http://www.artlib.ru/objects/gallery_112/artlib_gallery-56226-b.jpg
http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/1//57/529/57529670_Nikolay_Rezanov1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USA-Benicia-Saint_Dominic's_Cemetery-Grave_of_Mar%C3%ADa_Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello-1.jpg/200px-USA-Benicia-Saint_Dominic's_Cemetery-Grave_of_Mar%C3%ADa_Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello-1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg
http://img13.nnm.ru/a/6/e/b/d/a6ebd79fa0df2e9cba1feccfb80468b7_full.jpg
Андрей Вознесенский "Авось"
(1970)
"Описание в сентиментальных документах, стихах и молитвах славных
злоключений Действительного Камер-Герра Николая Резанова, доблестных
Офицеров Флота Хвастова и Довыдова, их быстрых парусников "Юнона" и "Авось",
сан-францисского Коменданта Дон Хосе Дарио Аргуэльо, любезной дочери его
Кончи с приложением карты странствий необычайных..."